Visual-Literacy.org has provided this great interactive visualization of visualizations! In its Periodic Table of Visualization, they have categorized a multitude of visualization styles. They've also provided some suggestions on what type of visualizations are best for certain types of information. Roll over each visual element to view an example. Many of these examples would work well when you're trying to convey this information to others in presentations and reports.  If you want to analyze data, you may want to consider making parts of these visualizations more dynamic.  For example, with a Data Map it would be useful to have a dynamic animation in order to see changes in regional data over time.  With a Semantic Network, it would be great to have filters which highlight important nodes within the network. 

Click on the image below to open the interactive visualization.